Irsko

This part of the country is eminent for vast quarries of stone,which is cut out flat, and used in London in great quantities forpaving courtyards, alleys, avenues to houses, kitchens, footways onthe sides of the High Streets, and the like; and is very profitableto the place, as also in the number of shipping employed inbringing it to London. There are also several rocks of very goodmarble, only that the veins in the stone are not black and white,as the Italian, but grey, red, and other colours.From hence to Weymouth, which is 22 miles, we rode in view of thesea; the country is open, and in some respects pleasant, but notlike the northern parts of the county, which are all fine carpet-ground, soft as velvet, and the herbage sweet as garden herbs,which makes their sheep be the best in England, if not in theworld, and their wool fine to an extreme.I cannot omit here a small adventure which was very surprising tome on this journey; passing this plain country, we came to an openpiece of ground where a neighbouring gentleman had at a greatexpense laid out a proper piece of land for a decoy, or duck-coy,as some call it. The works were but newly done, the plantingyoung, the ponds very large and well made; but the proper placesfor shelter of the fowl not covered, the trees not being grown, andmen were still at work improving and enlarging and planting on theadjoining heath or common. Near the decoy-keeper's house were someplaces where young decoy ducks were hatched, or otherwise kept tofit them for their work. To preserve them from vermin (polecats,kites, and such like), they had set traps, as is usual in suchcases, and a gibbet by it, where abundance of such creatures aswere taken were hanged up for show.While the decoy-man was busy showing the new works, he was alarmedwith a great cry about this house for "Help! help!" and away heran like the wind, guessing, as we supposed, that something wascatched in the trap.It was a good big boy, about thirteen or fourteen years old, thatcried out, for coming to the place he found a great fowl caught bythe leg in the trap, which yet was so strong and so outrageous thatthe boy going too near him, he flew at him and frighted him, bithim, and beat him with his wings, for he was too strong for theboy; as the master ran from the decoy, so another manservant ranfrom the house, and finding a strange creature fast in the trap,not knowing what it was, laid at him with a great stick. Thecreature fought him a good while, but at length he struck him anunlucky blow which quieted him; after this we all came up to seewhat the matter, and found a monstrous eagle caught by the leg inthe trap, and killed by the fellow's cudgel, as above.When the master came to know what it was, and that his man hadkilled it, he was ready to kill the fellow for his pains, for itwas a noble creature indeed, and would have been worth a great dealto the man to have it shown about the country, or to have sold toany gentleman curious in such things; but the eagle was dead, andthere we left it. It is probable this eagle had flown over the seafrom France, either there or at the Isle of Wight, where thechannel is not so wide; for we do not find that any eagles areknown to breed in those parts of Britain.From hence we turned up to Dorchester, the county town, though notthe largest town in the county.

To this it was answered that these twentyfarmers would, by the consequence of their own settlements, providefor and employ such a proportion of others of their own peoplethat, by thus providing for twenty families in a place, the wholenumber of Palatinates would have been provided for, had they beentwenty thousand more in number than they were, and that withoutbeing any burden upon or injury to the people of England; on thecontrary, they would have been an advantage and an addition ofwealth and strength to the nation, and to the country in particularwhere they should be thus seated. For example:-As soon as the land was marked out, the farmers put in possessionof it, and the money given them, they should be obliged to go towork, in order to their settlement. Suppose it, then, to be in thespring of the year, when such work was most proper. First, allhands would be required to fence and part off the land, and clearit of the timber or bushes, or whatever else was upon it whichrequired to be removed. The first thing, therefore, which thefarmer would do would be to single out from the rest of theirnumber every one three servants--that is to say, two men and amaid; less could not answer the preparations they would be obligedto make, and yet work hard themselves also. By the help of thesethey would, with good management, soon get so much of their landcured, fenced-off, ploughed, and sowed as should yield them asufficiency of corn and kitchen stuff the very first year, both forhorse-meat, hog-meat, food for the family, and some to carry tomarket, too, by which to bring in money to go farther on, as above.At the first entrance they were to have the tents allowed them tolive in, which they then had from the Tower; but as soon as leisureand conveniences admitted, every farmer was obliged to begin tobuild him a farm-house, which he would do gradually, some and some,as he could spare time from his other works, and money from hislittle stock.In order to furnish himself with carts, waggons, ploughs, harrows,wheel-barrows, hurdles, and all such necessary utensils ofhusbandry, there would be an absolute necessity of wheelwrights orcartwrights, one at least to each division.Thus, by the way, there would be employed three servants to eachfarmer, that makes sixty persons.Four families of wheelwrights, one to each division--which, supposefive in a family, makes twenty persons. Suppose four head-carpenters, with each three men; and as at first all would bebuilding together, they would to every house building have at leastone labourer. Four families of carpenters, five to each family,and three servants, is thirty-two persons; one labourer to eachhouse building is twenty persons more.Thus here would be necessarily brought together in the very firstof the work one hundred and thirty-two persons, besides the head-farmers, who at five also to each family are one hundred more; inall, two hundred and thirty-two.For the necessary supply of these with provisions, clothes,household stuff, &c. (for all should be done among themselves),first, they must have at least four butchers with their families(twenty persons), four shoemakers with their families and eachshoemaker two journeymen (for every trade would increase the numberof customers to every trade). This is twenty-eight persons more.They would then require a hatmaker, a glover, at least tworopemakers, four tailors, three weavers of woollen and threeweavers of linen, two basket-makers, two common brewers, ten ortwelve shop-keepers to furnish chandlery and grocery wares, and asmany for drapery and mercery, over and above what they could work.This makes two-and-forty families more, each at five in a family,which, is two hundred and ten persons; all the labouring part ofthese must have at least two servants (the brewers more), which Icast up at forty more.Add to these two ministers, one clerk, one sexton or grave-digger,with their families, two physicians, three apothecaries, twosurgeons (less there could not be, only that for the beginning itmight be said the physicians should be surgeons, and I take themso); this is forty-five persons, besides servants; so that, inshort--to omit many tradesmen more who would be wanted among them--there would necessarily and voluntarily follow to these twentyfamilies of farmers at least six hundred more of their own people.It is no difficult thing to show that the ready money of 4,000pounds which the Government was to advance to those twenty farmerswould employ and pay, and consequently subsist, all these numerousdependants in the works which must severally be done for them forthe first year, after which the farmers would begin to receivetheir own money back again; for all these tradesmen must come totheir own market to buy corn, flesh, milk, butter, cheese, bacon,&c., which after the first year the farmers, having no rent to pay,would have to spare sufficiently, and so take back their own moneywith advantage. I need not go on to mention how, by consequenceprovisions increasing and money circulating, this town shouldincrease in a very little time.It was proposed also that for the encouragement of all thehandicraftsmen and labouring poor who, either as servants or aslabourers for day-work, assisted the farmers or other tradesmen,they should have every man three acres of ground given them, withleave to build cottages upon the same, the allotments to be uponthe waste at the end of the cross-roads where they entered thetown.In the centre of the square was laid out a circle of twelve acresof ground, to be cast into streets for inhabitants to build on astheir ability would permit--all that would build to have groundgratis for twenty years, timber out of the forest, and convenientyards, gardens, and orchards allotted to every house.In the great streets near where they cross each other was to bebuilt a handsome market-house, with a town-hall for parish orcorporation business, doing justice and the like; also shambles;and in a handsome part of the ground mentioned to be laid out forstreets, as near the centre as might be, was to be ground laid outfor the building a church, which every man should either contributeto the building of in money, or give every tenth day of his time toassist in labouring at the building.I have omitted many tradesmen who would be wanted here, and wouldfind a good livelihood among their country-folks only to getaccidental work as day-men or labourers (of which such a town wouldconstantly employ many), as also poor women for assistance infamilies (such as midwives, nurses, &c.).Adjacent to the town was to be a certain quantity of common-landfor the benefit of the cottages, that the poor might have a fewsheep or cows, as their circumstances required; and this to beappointed at the several ends of the town.There was a calculation made of what increase there would be, bothof wealth and people, in twenty years in this town; what a vastconsumption of provisions they would cause, more than the fourthousand acres of land given them would produce, by whichconsumption and increase so much advantage would accrue to thepublic stock, and so many subjects be added to the many thousandsof Great Britain, who in the next age would be all true-bornEnglishmen, and forget both the language and nation from whencethey came. And it was in order to this that two ministers wereappointed, one of which should officiate in English and the otherin High Dutch, and withal to have them obliged by a law to teachall their children both to speak, read, and write the Englishlanguage.Upon their increase they would also want barbers and glaziers,painters also, and plumbers; a windmill or two, and the millers andtheir families; a fulling-mill and a cloth-worker; as also a masterclothier or two for making a manufacture among them for their ownwear, and for employing the women and children; a dyer or two fordyeing their manufactures; and, which above all is not to beomitted, four families at least of smiths, with every one twoservants--considering that, besides all the family work whichcontinually employs a smith, all the shoeing of horses, all theironwork of ploughs, carts, waggons, harrows, &c., must be wroughtby them. There was no allowance made for inns and ale-houses,seeing it would be frequent that those who kept public-houses ofany sort would likewise have some other employment to carry on.This was the scheme for settling the Palatinates, by which meanstwenty families of farmers, handsomely set up and supported, wouldlay a foundation, as I have said, for six or seven hundred of therest of their people; and as the land in New Forest is undoubtedlygood, and capable of improvement by such cultivation, so otherwastes in England are to be found as fruitful as that; and twentysuch villages might have been erected, the poor strangersmaintained, and the nation evidently be bettered by it. As to themoney to be advanced, which in the case of twenty such settlements,at 1,000 pounds each, would be 80,000 pounds, two things wereanswered to it:-1. That the annual rent to be received for all those lands aftertwenty years would abundantly pay the public for the firstdisburses on the scheme above, that rent being then to amount to40,000 pounds per annum.2. More money than would have done this was expended, or ratherthrown away, upon them here, to keep them in suspense, andafterwards starve them; sending them a-begging all over the nation,and shipping them off to perish in other countries. Where themistake lay is none of my business to inquire.I reserved this account for this place, because I passed in thisjourney over the very spot where the design was laid out--namely,near Lyndhurst, in the road from Rumsey to Lymington, whither I nowdirected my course.Lymington is a little but populous seaport standing opposite to theIsle of Wight, in the narrow part of the strait which shipssometimes pass through in fair weather, called the Needles; andright against an ancient town of that island called Yarmouth, andwhich, in distinction from the great town of Yarmouth in Norfolk,is called South Yarmouth. This town of Lymington is chiefly notedfor making fine salt, which is indeed excellent good; and fromwhence all these south parts of England are supplied, as well bywater as by land carriage; and sometimes, though not often, theysend salt to London, when, contrary winds having kept the Northernfleets back, the price at London has been very high; but this isvery seldom and uncertain. Lymington sends two members toParliament, and this and her salt trade is all I can say to her;for though she is very well situated as to the convenience ofshipping I do not find they have any foreign commerce, except it bewhat we call smuggling and roguing; which, I may say, is thereigning commerce of all this part of the English coast, from themouth of the Thames to the Land's End of Cornwall.From hence there are but few towns on the sea-coast west, thoughthere are several considerable rivers empty themselves into thesea; nor are there any harbours or seaports of any note exceptPoole. As for Christchurch, though it stands at the mouth of theAvon (which, as I have said, comes down from Salisbury, and bringswith it all the waters of the south and east parts of Wiltshire,and receives also the Stour and Piddle, two Dorsetshire riverswhich bring with them all the waters of the north part ofDorsetshire), yet it is a very inconsiderable poor place, scarceworth seeing, and less worth mentioning in this account, only thatit sends two members to Parliament, which many poor towns in thispart of England do, as well as that.From hence I stepped up into the country north-west, to see theancient town of Wimborne, or Wimborneminster; there I found nothingremarkable but the church, which is indeed a very great one,ancient, and yet very well built, with a very firm, strong, squaretower, considerably high; but was, without doubt, much finer, whenon the top of it stood a most exquisite spire--finer and taller, iffame lies not, than that at Salisbury, and by its situation in aplainer, flatter country visible, no question, much farther; butthis most beautiful ornament was blown down by a sudden tempest ofwind, as they tell us, in the year 1622.The church remains a venerable piece of antiquity, and has in itthe remains of a place once much more in request than it is now,for here are the monuments of several noble families, and inparticular of one king, viz., King Etheldred, who was slain inbattle by the Danes. He was a prince famed for piety and religion,and, according to the zeal of these times, was esteemed as amartyr, because, venturing his life against the Danes, who wereheathens, he died fighting for his religion and his country. Theinscription upon his grave is preserved, and has been carefullyrepaired, so as to be easily read, and is as follows:-"In hoc loco quiescit Corpus S. Etheldredi, Regis West Saxonum,Martyris, qui Anno Dom. DCCCLXXII., xxiii Aprilis, per ManosDanorum Paganorum Occubuit."In English thus:-"Here rests the Body of Holy Etheldred, King of the West Saxons,and Martyr, who fell by the Hands of the Pagan Danes in the Year ofour Lord 872, the 23rd of April."Here are also the monuments of the great Marchioness of Exeter,mother of Edward Courtney, Earl of Devonshire, and last of thefamily of Courtneys who enjoyed that honour; as also of John deBeaufort, Duke of Somerset, and his wife, grandmother of King HenryVII., by her daughter Margaret, Countess of Richmond.This last lady I mention because she was foundress of a very finefree school, which has since been enlarged and had a newbenefactress in Queen Elizabeth, who has enlarged the stipend andannexed it to the foundation. The famous Cardinal Pole was Dean ofthis church before his exaltation.Having said this of the church, I have said all that is worthnaming of the town; except that the inhabitants, who are many andpoor, are chiefly maintained by the manufacture of knittingstockings, which employs great part indeed of the county of Dorset,of which this is the first town eastward.South of this town, over a sandy, wild, and barren country, we cameto Poole, a considerable seaport, and indeed the most considerablein all this part of England; for here I found some ships, somemerchants, and some trade; especially, here were a good number ofships fitted out every year to the Newfoundland fishing, in whichthe Poole men were said to have been particularly successful formany years past.The town sits in the bottom of a great bay or inlet of the sea,which, entering at one narrow mouth, opens to a very great breadthwithin the entrance, and comes up to the very shore of this town;it runs also west up almost to the town of Wareham, a little belowwhich it receives the rivers Frome and Piddle, the two principalrivers of the county.This place is famous for the best and biggest oysters in all thispart of England, which the people of Poole pretend to be famous forpickling; and they are barrelled up here, and sent not only toLondon, but to the West Indies, and to Spain and Italy, and otherparts. It is observed more pearls are found in the Poole oysters,and larger, than in any other oysters about England.As the entrance into this large bay is narrow, so it is madenarrower by an island, called Branksey, which, lying the very monthof the passage, divides it into two, and where there is an oldcastle, called Branksey Castle, built to defend the entrance, andthis strength was very great advantage to the trade of this port inthe time of the late war with France.Wareham is a neat town and full of people, having a share of tradewith Poole itself; it shows the ruins of a large town, and, it isapparent, has had eight churches, of which they have threeremaining.South of Wareham, and between the bay I have mentioned and the sea,lies a large tract of land which, being surrounded by the seaexcept on one side, is called an island, though it is really whatshould be called a peninsula. This tract of land is betterinhabited than the sea-coast of this west end of Dorsetshiregenerally is, and the manufacture of stockings is carried on therealso; it is called the Isle of Purbeck, and has in the middle of ita large market-town, called Corfe, and from the famous castle therethe whole town is now called Corfe Castle; it is a corporation,sending members to Parliament.

New Forest, in Hampshire,was singled out to be the place:-Here it was proposed to draw a great square line containing fourthousand acres of land, marking out two large highways or roadsthrough the centre, crossing both ways, so that there should be athousand acres in each division, exclusive of the land contained inthe said cross-roads.Then it was proposed to since out twenty men and their families,who should be recommended as honest industrious men, expert in, orat least capable of being instructed in husbandry, curing andcultivating of land, breeding and feeding cattle, and the like. Toeach of these should be parcelled out, in equal distributions, twohundred acres of this land, so that the whole four thousand acresshould be fully distributed to the said twenty families, for whichthey should have no rent to pay, and be liable to no taxes but suchas provided for their own sick or poor, repairing their own roads,and the like. This exemption from rent and taxes to continue fortwenty years, and then to pay each 50 pounds a year to the queen--that is to say, to the Crown.To each of these families, whom I would now call farmers, it wasproposed to advance 200 pounds in ready money as a stock to setthem to work; to furnish them with cattle, horses, cows, hogs, &c.;and to hire and pay labourers to inclose, clear, and cure the land,which it would be supposed the first year would not be so much totheir advantage as afterwards, allowing them timber out of theforest to build themselves houses and barns, sheds and offices, asthey should have occasion; also for carts, waggons, ploughs,harrows, and the like necessary things: care to be taken that themen and their families went to work forthwith according to thedesign.Thus twenty families would be immediately supplied and providedfor, for there would be no doubt but these families, with so muchland given them gratis, and so much money to work with, would livevery well; but what would this do for the support of the rest, whowere supposed to be, to every twenty farmers, forty or fiftyfamilies of other people (some of one trade, some of another), withwomen and children?

The same histories likewise recordthat two of his own blood and posterity, and particularly hisimmediate successor William Rufus, lost their lives in this forest--one, viz., the said William Rufus, being shot with an arrowdirected at a deer which the king and his company were hunting, andthe arrow, glancing on a tree, changed his course, and struck theking full on the breast and killed him. This they relate as a justjudgment of God on the cruel devastation made here by theConqueror. Be it so or not, as Heaven pleases; but that the kingwas so killed is certain, and they show the tree on which the arrowglanced to this day. In King Charles II.'s time it was ordered tobe surrounded with a pale; but as great part of the paling is downwith age, whether the tree be really so old or not is to me a greatquestion, the action being near seven hundred years ago.I cannot omit to mention here a proposal made a few years ago tothe late Lord Treasurer Godolphin for re-peopling this forest,which for some reasons I can be more particular in than any man nowleft alive, because I had the honour to draw up the scheme andargue it before that noble lord and some others who wereprincipally concerned at that time in bringing over--or, rather,providing for when they were come over--the poor inhabitants of thePalatinate, a thing in itself commendable, but, as it was managed,made scandalous to England and miserable to those poor people.Some persons being ordered by that noble lord above mentioned toconsider of measures how the said poor people should be providedfor, and whether they could be provided for or no without injury tothe public, the answer was grounded upon this maxim--that thenumber of inhabitants is the wealth and strength of a kingdom,provided those inhabitants were such as by honest industry appliedthemselves to live by their labour, to whatsoever trades oremployments they were brought up. In the next place, it wasinquired what employments those poor people were brought up to. Itwas answered there were husbandmen and artificers of all sorts,upon which the proposal was as follows.

But thisdoes not seem equal; for if the cross-stones weighed six or seventons, the others, as they appear now, were at least five or sixtimes as big, and must weigh in proportion; and therefore I mustthink their judgment much nearer the case who judge the uprightstones at sixteen tons or thereabouts (supposing them to stand agreat way into the earth, as it is not doubted but they do), andthe coronets or cross-stones at about two tons, which is very largetoo, and as much as their bulk can be thought to allow.Upon the whole, we must take them as our ancestors have done--namely, for an erection or building so ancient that no history hashanded down to us the original. As we find it, then, uncertain, wemust leave it so. It is indeed a reverend piece of antiquity, andit is a great loss that the true history of it is not known. Butsince it is not, I think the making so many conjectures at thereality, when they know lots can but guess at it, and, above all,the insisting so long and warmly on their private opinions, is butamusing themselves and us with a doubt, which perhaps lies thedeeper for their search into it.The downs and plains in this part of England being so open, and thesurface so little subject to alteration, there are more remains ofantiquity to be seen upon them than in other places. For example,I think they tell us there are three-and-fifty ancient encampmentsor fortifications to be seen in this one county--some whereof areexceeding plain to be seen; some of one form, some of another; someof one nation, some of another--British, Danish, Saxon, Roman--asat Ebb Down, Burywood, Oldburgh Hill, Cummerford, Roundway Down,St. Ann's Hill, Bratton Castle, Clay Hill, Stournton Park,Whitecole Hill, Battlebury, Scrathbury, Tanesbury, Frippsbury,Southbury Hill, Amesbury, Great Bodwin, Easterley, Merdon, Aubery,Martenscil Hill, Barbury Castle, and many more.Also the barrows, as we all agree to call them, are very many innumber in this county, and very obvious, having suffered verylittle decay. These are large hillocks of earth cast up, as theancients agree, by the soldiers over the bodies of their deadcomrades slain in battle; several hundreds of these are to be seen,especially in the north part of this county, about Marlborough andthe downs, from thence to St. Ann's Hill, and even every way thedowns are full of them.I have done with matters of antiquity for this county, unless youwill admit me to mention the famous Parliament in the reign ofHenry II. held at Clarendon, where I am now writing, and anotherintended to be held there in Richard II.'s time, but prevented bythe barons, being then up in arms against the king.Near this place, at Farlo, was the birthplace of the late SirStephen Fox, and where the town, sharing in his good fortune, showsseveral marks of his bounty, as particularly the building a newchurch from the foundation, and getting an Act of Parliament passedfor making it parochial, it being but a chapel-of-ease before to anadjoining parish. Also Sir Stephen built and endowed an almshousehere for six poor women, with a master and a free school. Themaster is to be a clergyman, and to officiate in the church--thatis to say, is to have the living, which, including the school, isvery sufficient.I am now to pursue my first design, and shall take the west part ofWiltshire in my return, where are several things still to be takennotice of, and some very well worth our stay. In the meantime Iwent on to Langborough, a fine seat of my Lord Colerain, which isvery well kept, though the family, it seems, is not much in thiscountry, having another estate and dwelling at Tottenham HighCross, near London.From hence in my way to the seaside I came to New Forest, of whichI have said something already with relation to the great extent ofground which lies waste, and in which there is so great a quantityof large timber, as I have spoken of already.This waste and wild part of the country was, as some record, laidopen and waste for a forest and for game by that violent tyrantWilliam the Conqueror, and for which purpose he unpeopled thecountry, pulled down the houses, and, which was worse, the churchesof several parishes or towns, and of abundance of villages, turningthe poor people out of their habitations and possessions, andlaying all open for his deer.

The form of this monument is not only described but delineated inmost authors, and, indeed, it is hard to know the first but by thelast. The figure was at first circular, and there were at leastfour rows or circles within one another. The main stones wereplaced upright, and they were joined on the top by cross-stones,laid from one to another, and fastened with vast mortises andtenons. Length of time has so decayed them that not only most ofthe cross-stones which lay on the top are fallen down, but many ofthe upright also, notwithstanding the weight of them is soprodigious great. How they came thither, or from whence (no stonesof that kind being now to be found in that part of England near it)is still the mystery, for they are of such immense bulk that noengines or carriages which we have in use in this age could stirthem.Doubtless they had some method in former days in foreign countries,as well as here, to move heavier weights than we find practicablenow. How else did Solomon's workmen build the battlement oradditional wall to support the precipice of Mount Moriah, on whichthe Temple was built, which was all built of stones of Parianmarble, each stone being forty cubits long and fourteen cubitsbroad, and eight cubits high or thick, which, reckoning each cubitat two feet and a half of our measure (as the learned agree to do),was one hundred feet long, thirty-five feet broad, and twenty feetthick?These stones at Stonehenge, as Mr. Camden describes them, and inwhich others agree, were very large, though not so large--theupright stones twenty-four feet high, seven feet broad, sixteenfeet round, and weigh twelve tons each; and the cross-stones on thetop, which he calls coronets, were six or seven tons.

From this pleasant and agreeable day's work I returned toClarendon, and the next day took another short tour to the hills tosee that celebrated piece of antiquity, the wonderful Stonehenge,being six miles from Salisbury, north, and upon the side of theRiver Avon, near the town of Amesbury. It is needless that Ishould enter here into any part of the dispute about which ourlearned antiquaries have so puzzled themselves that several books(and one of them in folio) have been published about it; somealleging it to be a heathen or pagan temple and altar, or place ofsacrifice, as Mr. Jones; others a monument or trophy of victory;others a monument for the dead, as Mr. Aubrey, and the like.Again, some will have it be British, some Danish, some Saxon, someRoman, and some, before them all, Phoenician.I shall suppose it, as the majority of all writers do, to be amonument for the dead, and the rather because men's bones have beenfrequently dug up in the ground near them. The common opinion thatno man could ever count them, that a baker carried a basket ofbread and laid a loaf upon every stone, and yet never could makeout the same number twice, this I take as a mere country fiction,and a ridiculous one too. The reason why they cannot easily betold is that many of them lie half or part buried in the ground;and a piece here and a piece there only appearing above the grass,it cannot be known easily which belong to one stone and which toanother, or which are separate stones, and which are joinedunderground to one another; otherwise, as to those which appear,they are easy to be told, and I have seen them told four timesafter one another, beginning every time at a different place, andevery time they amounted to seventy-two in all; but then this wascounting every piece of a stone of bulk which appeared above thesurface of the earth, and was not evidently part of and adjoiningto another, to be a distinct and separate body or stone by itself.